The speaker transformer is made by winding 50 turns of 0.25mm wire on a small length of 10mm dia ferrite rod.
The size and length of the rod does not matter - it is just the number of turns that makes the transformer work. This is called the secondary winding.
The primary winding is made by winding 300 turns of 0.01mm wire (this is very fine wire) over the secondary and ending with a loop of wire we call the centre tap.
Wind another 300 turns and this completes the transformer.
It does not matter which end of the secondary is connected to the top of the speaker.
It does not matter which end of the primary is connected to the collector of the transistor in the circuits in this book.
source : http://www.talkingelectronics.com.au/projects/200TrCcts/200TrCcts.html
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